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Gender & Childhood

Alexander Hamilton on Women & Children

"Besides this advantage of occasional employment to classes having different occupations, there is another of a nature allied to it [and] of a similar tendency. This is--the employment of persons who would otherwise be idle (and in many cases a burthen on the community), either from the byass of temper, habit, infirmity of body, or some other cause, indisposing, or disqualifying them for the toils of the Country. It is worthy of particular remark, that, in general, women and Children are rendered more useful and the latter more early useful by manufacturing establishments, than they would otherwise be." Report on Manufactures 5 Dec. 1791.

Background: Reference Resources

Encyclopedia of Children and Childhood: In History and Society
Paul S. Fass, editor. New York, Macmillan Reference, 2004. Rutgers-restricted Access
Girl Culture: An Encyclopedia
Claudia Mitchell and Jacqueline Reid-Walsh, editors. 2 vols. Westport, Conn., Greenwood Press, 2008. Available?

Background: Today's Childlren

America's Children in Brief: Key National Indicators of Well-Being, 2023
Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office.
Annual reports from the Federal Interagency Forum on Child and Family Statistics.
The State of America's Children 2003
Annual compilation of the most recent and reliable national and state-by-state data on poverty, health, child welfare, youth at risk, early childhood development, education, family income, gun violence, and Youth Justice. From the Children's Defense Fund
National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW), 1997-2014 and 2015-2025
Survey mandated by the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996. Looks at the characterisitcs of the children and families that come into contact with the child welfare system; the pathways and services they experience while in the system; and the short and longer-term effects of the experience for these children and families.
A National Profile of Youth and Young Adults
Summary, with links to more than 60 indicators on health and well-being of young people ages 14 to 24. From the Annie E. Casey Foundation.
Child Trends: Older Youth in Care
"Older youth in care experience the child welfare system differently than other age groups: These differences may include reasons for entering care, the types and number of placements, the length of time they stay in care, and how they exit care."