The Census Bureau recently finished compiling information about apportionment for Congressional representation from the 2020 Decennial Census. You can begin exploring that data at the Census 2020 home page. The Census Bureau is still compiling demographic information from the 2020 Census. This means that information about income, race, ethnic identity, geographic location, commuting habits, and other information is not yet available.
The Bureau of the Census is responsible for many significant data products, covering topics as diverse as County Business Patterns and Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics. The Current Population Reports also provide population statistics, and can be accessed by subject here.
But in honor of Census 2010, this guide summarizes where to get Decennial Census information.
The sections of this guide are